The Gene Pulser Xcell™ is a modular electroporation system that includes a main unit, two accessory modules (the capacitance extender, or CE module, and the pulse controller, or PC module), and the ShockPod™ cuvette chamber. The CE module is recommended for use with the Gene Pulser Xcell main unit for electroporation of most eukaryotic cells, including mammalian cells and plant protoplasts. The PC module is recommended for the electroporation of bacteria and fungi, as well as other applications where high-voltage pulses are applied to samples of small volume and high resistance.